Vitamins
Vitamin K2 (MK-7)
Activates osteocalcin (calcium to bones) and matrix GLA protein (prevents arterial calcification). Essential D3 companion.
Studies Referenced15+
Total Participants6,500+
Outcomes Evaluated3
Known Interactions2
Evidence by Outcome
Bone Mineral Density
Improved BMD with D3+K2 vs D3 alone
8 studies1,000 participants
Arterial Calcification
52% lower risk in Rotterdam Study (observational)
3 studies5,000 participants
Fracture Risk
Trend toward reduction, not yet definitive
4 studies500 participants
Dosing Guide
Standard Dose
100-200mcg/day (MK-7)
Timing
With fat-containing meal, alongside D3
Take with food
MK-7 preferred over MK-4 (72h vs 1h half-life). Always pair with Vitamin D3.
Safety Profile
Overall Safety:Excellent
Possible Side Effects
- • None at recommended doses
Contraindications
- ⚠ Warfarin therapy (interferes with anticoagulation)
Upper Limit: No established upper limit for K2
Known Interactions
D3 increases calcium absorption; K2 directs calcium to bones instead of arteries. Always pair.
Source: Calcified Tissue International, 2017
Both cardiovascular protective. K2 prevents calcification, omega-3 reduces inflammation. No negative interaction.
Source: Complementary cardiovascular mechanisms